Dr Gyorgy Fejer
Profiles

Dr Gyorgy Fejer

Associate Professor of Infection and Immunity

School of Biomedical Sciences (Faculty of Health)

Biography

Biography

Lecturer in environmental pathogens

Qualifications

PhD in medicine, Semmelweis Medical School, 1998
Residency in Microbiology, 1995
PGCAP in Teaching and Learning in Higher Education, Plymouth University, 2013 

Professional membership

British Society for Immunology (BSI)

Key publications

Schmidt M, Raghavan B, Verena M, Vogl T, Fejer G, Tchaptchet S, Keck S, Kalis C, Nielsen P & Galanos C (2011) 'Human Toll-like receptor 4: A crucial receptor for the development of contact eczema to metal haptens' S94-S94
Fejer G, Wegner MD, Györy I, Cohen I, Engelhard P, Voronov E, Manke T, Ruzsics Z, Dölken L & Prazeres da Costa O (2013) 'Nontransformed, GM-CSF-dependent macrophage lines are a unique model to study tissue macrophage functions' Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 110, (24) E2191-E2198 Author Site , DOI
Schmidt M, Raghavan B, Müller V, Vogl T, Fejer G, Tchaptchet S, Keck S, Kalis C, Nielsen PJ & Galanos C (2010) 'Crucial role for human Toll-like receptor 4 in the development of contact allergy to nickel' Nat Immunol 11, (9) 814-819 Author Site , DOI
Fejer G, Drechsel L, Liese J, Schleicher U, Ruzsics Z, Imelli N, Greber UF, Keck S, Hildenbrand B & Krug A (2008) 'Key role of splenic myeloid DCs in the IFN-alphabeta response to adenoviruses in vivo' PLoS Pathog 4, (11) Author Site , DOI Open access
Fejer G, Koroknai A, Banati F, Györy I, Salamon D, Wolf H, Niller HH & Minarovits J (2008) 'Latency type-specific distribution of epigenetic marks at the alternative promoters Cp and Qp of Epstein-Barr virus' J Gen Virol 89, (Pt 6) 1364-1370 Author Site , DOI
Fejér G, Szalay K, Gyory I, Fejes M, Kúsz E, Nedieanu S, Páli T, Schmidt T, Siklódi B & Lázár G (2005) 'Adenovirus infection dramatically augments lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF production and sensitizes to lethal shock' J Immunol 175, (3) 1498-1506 Author Site , DOI
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Research

Research

Research interests

Molecular mechanisms of lung macrophage functions in health and disease

Macrophages are crucially involved in various diseases such as Infectious and environmental pathogen induced conditions, cancer and metabolic disorders and also in normal tissue homeostasis. These cells exhibit, depending on their anatomical location, distinct biological properties. Studies exploring macrophages are of high scientific and clinical interest, but are hampered by the limited life-span and restricted numbers of primary tissue macrophages that can be obtained for such experiments. We established a novel, continuously growing, non-transformed model of lung alveolar macrophages (AMs), cells that play key roles in important diseases such as lung infection, asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This model can replace and reduce in vivo studies involving macrophages and can contribute to the saving of lives of a very high number of experimental animals. Importantly, using our new system the detailed molecular analysis of scarcely available alveolar macrophages is possible. This made possible the identification of several, previously unknown innate immune phenomena in AMs (Fejer et al; PNAS 2013). Our laboratory now analyses the underlying molecular details using methods of molecular immunology, cell biology and proteomics. These studies help to understand relevant mechanisms of AM biology and lung diseases and can contribute to the development of drugs that influence AM activity in various pathology states.

Research groups

Publications

Publications

Key publications

Schmidt M, Raghavan B, Verena M, Vogl T, Fejer G, Tchaptchet S, Keck S, Kalis C, Nielsen P & Galanos C (2011) 'Human Toll-like receptor 4: A crucial receptor for the development of contact eczema to metal haptens' S94-S94
Fejer G, Wegner MD, Györy I, Cohen I, Engelhard P, Voronov E, Manke T, Ruzsics Z, Dölken L & Prazeres da Costa O (2013) 'Nontransformed, GM-CSF-dependent macrophage lines are a unique model to study tissue macrophage functions' Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 110, (24) E2191-E2198 Author Site , DOI
Schmidt M, Raghavan B, Müller V, Vogl T, Fejer G, Tchaptchet S, Keck S, Kalis C, Nielsen PJ & Galanos C (2010) 'Crucial role for human Toll-like receptor 4 in the development of contact allergy to nickel' Nat Immunol 11, (9) 814-819 Author Site , DOI
Fejer G, Drechsel L, Liese J, Schleicher U, Ruzsics Z, Imelli N, Greber UF, Keck S, Hildenbrand B & Krug A (2008) 'Key role of splenic myeloid DCs in the IFN-alphabeta response to adenoviruses in vivo' PLoS Pathog 4, (11) Author Site , DOI Open access
Fejer G, Koroknai A, Banati F, Györy I, Salamon D, Wolf H, Niller HH & Minarovits J (2008) 'Latency type-specific distribution of epigenetic marks at the alternative promoters Cp and Qp of Epstein-Barr virus' J Gen Virol 89, (Pt 6) 1364-1370 Author Site , DOI
Fejér G, Szalay K, Gyory I, Fejes M, Kúsz E, Nedieanu S, Páli T, Schmidt T, Siklódi B & Lázár G (2005) 'Adenovirus infection dramatically augments lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF production and sensitizes to lethal shock' J Immunol 175, (3) 1498-1506 Author Site , DOI

Key publications are highlighted

Journals
Articles
Maler MD, Zwick S, Kallfass C, Engelhard P, Shi H, Hellig L, Zhengyang P, Hardt A, Zissel G & Ruzsics Z (2024) 'Type I interferon, induced by adenovirus or adenoviral vector infection, regulates the cytokine response to LPS in a macrophage type-specific manner' J Innate Immun Author Site , DOI
Onyishi CU, Jeon Y, Fejer G, Mukhopadhyay S, Gordon S & May RC (2024) 'Loss of the scavenger receptor MARCO results in uncontrolled vomocytosis of fungi from macrophages' European Journal of Immunology Publisher Site , DOI
Barrow ER, Valionyte E, Baxter CR, Yang Y, Herath S, O’Connell WA, Lopatecka J, Strachan A, Woznica W & Stephenson HN (2024) 'Discovery of SQSTM1/p62-dependent P-bodies that regulate the NLRP3 inflammasome' Cell Reports 43, (3) 113935-113935 Publisher Site , DOI
Onyishi CU, Desanti GE, Wilkinson AL, Lara-Reyna S, Frickel E-M, Fejer G, Christophe OD, Bryant CE, Mukhopadhyay S & Gordon S (2023) 'Toll-like receptor 4 and macrophage scavenger receptor 1 crosstalk regulates phagocytosis of a fungal pathogen' Nature Communications 14, (1) , DOI Open access
Poloamina VI, Abate W, Fejer G & Jackson SK (2022) 'Possible Regulation of Toll-Like Receptor 4 By Lysine Acetylation Through LPCAT2 Activity in RAW264.7 Cells' Bioscience Reports , DOI Open access
Bastyans S, Jackson S & Fejer G (2022) 'Micro and nano-plastics, a threat to human health?' EMERGING TOPICS IN LIFE SCIENCES 6, (4) 411-422 , DOI
Wise EL, Márquez S, Mellors J, Paz V, Atkinson B, Gutierrez B, Zapata S, Coloma J, Pybus OG & Jackson SK (2020) 'Oropouche virus cases identified in Ecuador using an optimised qRT-PCR informed by metagenomic sequencing' PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 14, (1) e0007897-e0007897 , DOI Open access
Deville S, Honrath B, Tran QTD, Fejer G, Lambrichts I, Nelissen I, Dolga AM & Salvati A (2019) 'Time-resolved characterization of the mechanisms of toxicity induced by silica and amino-modified polystyrene on alveolar-like macrophages' Archives of Toxicology 94, (1) 173-186 , DOI Open access
Sattar AA, Abate W, Fejer G, Bradley G & Jackson SK (2019) 'Evaluation of the proinflammatory effects of contaminated bathing water' Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A 82, (20) 1076-1087 , DOI
Wise EL, Pullan ST, Márquez S, Paz V, Mosquera JD, Zapata S, Jackson SK, Fejer G, Trueba G & Logue CH (2018) 'Isolation of Oropouche Virus from Febrile Patient, Ecuador' Emerging Infectious Diseases 24, (5) 935-937 , DOI Open access
Woo M, Wood C, Kwon D, Park K-HP, Fejer G & Delorme V (2018) 'Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection and Innate Responses in a New Model of Lung Alveolar Macrophages' Frontiers in Immunology 9, , DOI Open access
Stichling N, Suomalainen M, Flatt JW, Schmid M, Pacesa M, Hemmi S, Jungraithmayr W, Maler MD, Freudenberg MA & Plückthun A (2018) 'Lung macrophage scavenger receptor SR-A6 (MARCO) is an adenovirus type-specific virus entry receptor' PLOS Pathogens 14, (3) 0-0 , DOI Open access
Boorsma CE, van der Veen TA, Putri KSS, de Almeida A, Draijer C, Mauad T, Fejer G, Brandsma C-A, van den Berge M & Bossé Y (2017) 'A Potent Tartrate Resistant Acid Phosphatase Inhibitor to Study the Function of TRAP in Alveolar Macrophages' Scientific Reports 7, (1) , DOI Open access
Maler MD, Nielsen PJ, Stichling N, Cohen I, Ruzsics Z, Wood C, Engelhard P, Suomalainen M, Gyory I & Huber M (2017) 'Erratum for Maler et al., “Key Role of the Scavenger Receptor MARCO in Mediating Adenovirus Infection and Subsequent Innate Responses of Macrophages”' mBio 8, (5) , DOI Open access
Maler MD, Nielsen PJ, Stichling N, Cohen I, Ruzsics Z, Wood C, Engelhard P, Suomalainen M, Gyory I & Huber M (2017) 'Key Role of the Scavenger Receptor MARCO in Mediating Adenovirus Infection and Subsequent Innate Responses of Macrophages' mBio 8, (4) 0-0 , DOI Open access
Rawson FJ, Hicks J, Dodd N, Abate W, Garrett DJ, Yip N, Fejer G, Downard AJ, Baronian KHR & Jackson SK (2015) 'Fast, Ultrasensitive Detection of Reactive Oxygen Species Using a Carbon Nanotube Based-Electrocatalytic Intracellular Sensor' ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 7, (42) 23527-23537 , DOI Open access
Fejer G, Sharma S & Gyory I (2015) 'Self-renewing macrophages--a new line of enquiries in mononuclear phagocytes' Immunobiology 220, (2) 169-174 Author Site , DOI
Fejer G, Wegner MD, Györy I, Cohen I, Engelhard P, Voronov E, Manke T, Ruzsics Z, Dölken L & Prazeres da Costa O (2013) 'Nontransformed, GM-CSF-dependent macrophage lines are a unique model to study tissue macrophage functions' Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 110, (24) E2191-E2198 Author Site , DOI
Fejer G, Freudenberg M, Greber UF & Gyory I (2011) 'Adenovirus-triggered innate signalling pathways' Eur J Microbiol Immunol (Bp) 1, (4) 279-288 Author Site , DOI
Keck S, Müller I, Fejer G, Savic I, Tchaptchet S, Nielsen PJ, Galanos C, Huber M & Freudenberg MA (2011) 'Absence of TRIF signaling in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated murine mast cells' J Immunol 186, (9) 5478-5488 Author Site , DOI
Lauterbach H, Bathke B, Gilles S, Traidl-Hoffmann C, Luber CA, Fejer G, Freudenberg MA, Davey GM, Vremec D & Kallies A (2010) 'Mouse CD8alpha+ DCs and human BDCA3+ DCs are major producers of IFN-lambda in response to poly IC' J Exp Med 207, (12) 2703-2717 Author Site , DOI Open access
Schmidt M, Raghavan B, Müller V, Vogl T, Fejer G, Tchaptchet S, Keck S, Kalis C, Nielsen PJ & Galanos C (2010) 'Crucial role for human Toll-like receptor 4 in the development of contact allergy to nickel' Nat Immunol 11, (9) 814-819 Author Site , DOI
Siegemund S, Hartl A, von Buttlar H, Dautel F, Raue R, Freudenberg MA, Fejer G, Büttner M, Köhler G & Kirschning CJ (2009) 'Conventional bone marrow-derived dendritic cells contribute to toll-like receptor-independent production of alpha/beta interferon in response to inactivated parapoxvirus ovis' J Virol 83, (18) 9411-9422 Author Site , DOI
Fejer G, Drechsel L, Liese J, Schleicher U, Ruzsics Z, Imelli N, Greber UF, Keck S, Hildenbrand B & Krug A (2008) 'Key role of splenic myeloid DCs in the IFN-alphabeta response to adenoviruses in vivo' PLoS Pathog 4, (11) Author Site , DOI Open access
Martin SF, Dudda JC, Bachtanian E, Lembo A, Liller S, Dürr C, Heimesaat MM, Bereswill S, Fejer G & Vassileva R (2008) 'Toll-like receptor and IL-12 signaling control susceptibility to contact hypersensitivity' J Exp Med 205, (9) 2151-2162 Author Site , DOI Open access
Fejer G, Koroknai A, Banati F, Györy I, Salamon D, Wolf H, Niller HH & Minarovits J (2008) 'Latency type-specific distribution of epigenetic marks at the alternative promoters Cp and Qp of Epstein-Barr virus' J Gen Virol 89, (Pt 6) 1364-1370 Author Site , DOI
Freudenberg MA, Tchaptchet S, Keck S, Fejer G, Huber M, Schütze N, Beutler B & Galanos C (2008) 'Lipopolysaccharide sensing an important factor in the innate immune response to Gram-negative bacterial infections: benefits and hazards of LPS hypersensitivity' Immunobiology 213, (3-4) 193-203 Author Site , DOI
Gerle B, Koroknai A, Fejer G, Bakos A, Banati F, Szenthe K, Wolf H, Niller HH, Minarovits J & Salamon D (2007) 'Acetylated histone H3 and H4 mark the upregulated LMP2A promoter of Epstein-Barr virus in lymphoid cells' J Virol 81, (23) 13242-13247 Author Site , DOI
Fejér G, Szalay K, Gyory I, Fejes M, Kúsz E, Nedieanu S, Páli T, Schmidt T, Siklódi B & Lázár G (2005) 'Adenovirus infection dramatically augments lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF production and sensitizes to lethal shock' J Immunol 175, (3) 1498-1506 Author Site , DOI
Kalis C, Gumenscheimer M, Freudenberg N, Tchaptchet S, Fejer G, Heit A, Akira S, Galanos C & Freudenberg MA (2005) 'Requirement for TLR9 in the immunomodulatory activity of Propionibacterium acnes' J Immunol 174, (7) 4295-4300 Author Site , DOI
Osborne AR, Zhang H, Fejer G, Palubin KM, Niesen MI & Blanck G (2004) 'Oct-1 maintains an intermediate, stable state of HLA-DRA promoter repression in Rb-defective cells: an Oct-1-containing repressosome that prevents NF-Y binding to the HLA-DRA promoter' J Biol Chem 279, (28) 28911-28919 Author Site , DOI
Gyory I, Wu J, Fejér G, Seto E & Wright KL (2004) 'PRDI-BF1 recruits the histone H3 methyltransferase G9a in transcriptional silencing' Nat Immunol 5, (3) 299-308 Author Site , DOI
Kapustin GV, Fejér G, Gronlund JL, McCafferty DG, Seto E & Etzkorn FA (2003) 'Phosphorus-based SAHA analogues as histone deacetylase inhibitors' Org Lett 5, (17) 3053-3056 Author Site , DOI
Fejér G, Medveczky MM, Horvath E, Lane B, Chang Y & Medveczky PG (2003) 'The latency-associated nuclear antigen of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus interacts preferentially with the terminal repeats of the genome in vivo and this complex is sufficient for episomal DNA replication' J Gen Virol 84, (Pt 6) 1451-1462 Author Site , DOI
Rezai-Zadeh N, Zhang X, Namour F, Fejer G, Wen Y-D, Yao Y-L, Gyory I, Wright K & Seto E (2003) 'Targeted recruitment of a histone H4-specific methyltransferase by the transcription factor YY1' Genes Dev 17, (8) 1019-1029 Author Site , DOI
Györy I, Fejér G, Ghosh N, Seto E & Wright KL (2003) 'Identification of a functionally impaired positive regulatory domain I binding factor 1 transcription repressor in myeloma cell lines' J Immunol 170, (6) 3125-3133 Author Site , DOI
Yang W-M, Tsai S-C, Wen Y-D, Fejer G & Seto E (2002) 'Functional domains of histone deacetylase-3' J Biol Chem 277, (11) 9447-9454 Author Site , DOI
Seto E, Tsai SC, Weir YD & Fejer G (2002) 'Mechanisms of histone deacetylases' FASEB JOURNAL 16, (4) A3-A3
Igaz P, Tóth S, Rose-John S, Madurka I, Fejér G, Szalai C & Falus A (1998) 'Soluble interleukin 6 (IL-6) receptor influences the expression of the protooncogene junB and the production of fibrinogen in the HepG2 human hepatoma cell line and primary rat hepatocytes' Cytokine 10, (8) 620-626 Author Site , DOI
Igaz P, Fejér G, Szalai C, Tóth S & Falus A (1998) 'Development of competitive mRNA PCR for the quantification of interleukin-6-responsive junB oncogene expression' Biotechniques 24, (5) 854-860 Author Site , DOI
Fejer G, Gyory I, Ruzsics Z, Toth S, Krajcsi P, Fejes M, Burgert HG, Kiss A, Benczik M & Falus A (1998) 'Interleukin-6 activates the adenovirus early region 3 promoter' EUROPEAN CYTOKINE NETWORK 9, (3) 303-303
Guida JD, Fejer G, Pirofski LA, Brosnan CF & Horwitz MS (1995) 'Mouse adenovirus type 1 causes a fatal hemorrhagic encephalomyelitis in adult C57BL/6 but not BALB/c mice' J Virol 69, (12) 7674-7681 Author Site , DOI
Efrat S, Fejer G, Brownlee M & Horwitz MS (1995) 'Prolonged survival of pancreatic islet allografts mediated by adenovirus immunoregulatory transgenes' Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 92, (15) 6947-6951 Author Site , DOI
HORWITZ MS, FEJER G, GYORY I, TUFARIELLO J & EFRAT S (1995) 'MULTIPLE FUNCTIONS OF ADENOVIRUS E3 IMMUNOREGULATORY GENES - EFFECTS ON ACUTE VIRAL PATHOGENESIS AND PROLONGATION OF SURVIVAL OF PANCREATIC-ISLET ALLOGRAFTS' JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY 279-279
Horwitz MS, Tufariello J, Grunhaus A & Fejer G (1995) 'Model systems for studying the effects of adenovirus E3 genes on virulence in vivo' Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 199 ( Pt 3), 195-211 Author Site , DOI
Fejer G, Gyory I, Tufariello J & Horwitz MS (1994) 'Characterization of transgenic mice containing adenovirus early region 3 genomic DNA' J Virol 68, (9) 5871-5881 Author Site , DOI
Fejér G, Berencsi G, Ruzsics Z, Belák S, Linné T & Nász I (1992) 'Multiple enlargements in the right inverted terminal repeat of the DNA of canine adenovirus type 2' Acta Microbiol Hung 39, (2) 159-168 Author Site
Fejér G, Kiss A, Lengyel A, Ruzsics Z, Berencsi G & Nász I (1990) 'Characterization of an intermediate adenovirus strain' Acta Microbiol Hung 37, (3) 315-318 Author Site
KANG WG, BERENCSI G, BANREVI A, ASCHER Z, FEJER G, TAKACS M, KISS A & NASZ I (1989) 'RELATIONSHIP OF E1 AND E3 REGIONS OF HUMAN ADENOVIRUS-35 TO THOSE OF HUMAN ADENOVIRUS SUBGROUP-A, SUBGROUP-C AND SUBGROUP-D' ACTA MICROBIOLOGICA HUNGARICA 36, (4) 445-457
Kang WG, Berencsi G, Takács M, Ascher Z, Fejér G & Nász I (1989) 'Molecular cloning and physical mapping of the DNA of human adenovirus type 35' Acta Microbiol Hung 36, (1) 67-75 Author Site
Kang WG, Berencsi G, Bánrévi A, Ascher Z, Fejér G, Takács M, Kiss A & Nász I (1989) 'Relationship of E1 and E3 regions of human adenovirus 35 to those of human adenovirus subgroups A, C and D' Acta Microbiol Hung 36, (4) 445-457 Author Site
KISS A, PIPIRAS E, ZAVIZION BA, BANREVI A, POPELLAR M, FEJER G, BERENCSI G & NASZ I (1988) 'RABBIT-CELL CLONES TRANSFORMED BY THE ONCOGENE OF SIMIAN ADENOVIRUS 16' ACTA MICROBIOLOGICA HUNGARICA 35, (2) 211-211
Adám E, Erdei J, Lengyel A, Fejér G, Fachet J & Nász I (1987) 'Monoclonal antibodies to adenovirus type 35 hexon' Intervirology 27, (1) 9-16 Author Site , DOI
Conference Papers
Wood C, Logue C, Silman N, Jackson S & Fejer G (2016) 'A novel alveolar-like macrophage to study influenza A infection <i>in vitro</i>' 438-438
Khera S, Sharma V, Fejer G, Tyrrel S, Bennett A & Jackson S (2016) 'Development and characterization of a novel cell-based biosensor for screening of inflammatory agents in bioaerosols' 1176-1176
Stichling N, Suomalainen M, Fejer G, Hemmi S & Greber U (2015) 'Adenovirus binding to the scavenger receptor SR-A6 (MARCO) triggers the production of inflammatory cytokines in alveolar macrophages' A13-A13
Wegner MD, Engelhard P, Galanos C, Prasse A, Jakob T, Martin SF, Fejer G & Freudenberg MA (2014) 'MPI-2 cells, a new model for tissue type macrophages' E24-E24
Fejer G, Wegner M, Gyoery I, Cohen I, Engelhard P, Voronov E, Manke T, Galanos C & Freudenberg M (2013) 'Establishment of self-renewing, non-transformed, GM-CSF dependent macrophages, a new model to study lung alveolar macrophage functions' 33-33
Lauterbach H, Bathke B, Gilles S, Traidl-Hoffmann C, Luber C, Fejer G, Freudenberg M, Davey G, Vremec D & Kallies A (2011) 'Murine CD8α+ DCs and human BDCA3+ DCs produce large amounts of IFN-λ in response to poly IC and DNA viruses (154.6)' The American Association of Immunologists 154.6-154.6 , DOI
Lauterbach H, Bathke B, Gilles S, Traidl-Hoffmann C, Luber CA, Fejer G, Freudenberg MA, Davey GM, Vremec D & Kallies A (2011) 'Murine CD8α+ DCs and human CD141+DCs produce large amounts of IFN-λ in response to dsRNA or DNA viruses' 65-65 , DOI
Schmidt M, Raghavan B, Verena M, Vogl T, Fejer G, Tchaptchet S, Keck S, Kalis C, Nielsen P & Galanos C (2011) 'Human Toll-like receptor 4: A crucial receptor for the development of contact eczema to metal haptens' S94-S94
Gyory I, Fejer G & Wright KL (2003) 'The transcription factor PRDI-BF1 establishes an inactive chromatin state by recruitment of histone methyltransferases' C100-C101
Presentations and posters
Schmidt M, Raghavan B, Mueller V, Vogl T, Fejer G, Tchaptchet S, Keck S, Kallis C, Nielsen PJ & Galanos C Schmidt M, Raghavan B, Mueller V, Vogl T, Fejer G, Tchaptchet S, Keck S, Kallis C, Nielsen PJ & Galanos C 'Crucial role for human Toll-like receptor 4 in the development of contact allergy to nickel'
Poloamina VI, Abate W, Fejer G & Jackson S Poloamina VI, Abate W, Fejer G & Jackson S 'POTENTIAL FOR REGULATION OF TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR 4 ACTIVITY BY LYSINE ACETYLATION' Author Site
Shawa I, Bennett K, Sheridan D, Felmlee D, Hegazy D, Ahmed A, Wood C, Jackson S, Fejer G & Cramp M Shawa I, Bennett K, Sheridan D, Felmlee D, Hegazy D, Ahmed A, Wood C, Jackson S, Fejer G & Cramp M 'Upregulated innate immune responses in a hepatitis C virus exposed uninfected cohort' , DOI